Is there a safe level of alcohol and substance use during adolescence?
The use of alcohol and other drugs during childhood and adolescence is a serious risk factor for many physical, mental, and social problems. Thus, there is no level of alcohol or substance use that can be considered safe during adolescence. The use of these substances in adolescence can promote brain changes that will make it difficult to control emotions and behavior, also increasing the risk of becoming dependent on drugs in the future. Furthermore, there is an increased risk of exposure to violence among young people who use alcohol and drugs.
The use of alcohol and drugs often occurs as a response to distress because it can provide a momentary relief from unpleasant emotions. However, this can lead to habitual use, which prevents them from learning other ways to cope with negative feelings and increases the risk of addiction.
How can we help children and adolescents who use alcohol and other drugs?
- Exposure to aggression, difficulties adapting to school environments, challenges with academic performance, repeated failures, and bullying are sometimes associated with the use of alcohol and other drugs. Addressing these can help reduce alcohol and drug use;
- To improve overall wellbeing, have simple, easy-to-follow rules for behaviors in the classroom environment and encourage all students to follow the rules;
- Develop programs that teach students social skills and maintenance of emotional balance;
- Encourage healthy habits and involvement in sports and cultural activities;
- When students’ alcohol or drug use is confirmed, inform their parents/caregivers. When the use is having negative psychological, physiological, or academic impacts, refer students to healthcare professionals.
What are unhelpful reactions?
- Providing incomplete information about the effects of alcohol and drug use casually as part of general health education. Doing so can increase the use of drugs.
- Lying/exaggerating about the effects of alcohol and drug use. This can lead teenagers to discredit appropriate health information.
- Judging the use and labeling them with derogatory terms (drunk, stoner, glue sniffer, etc.). This can stigmatize the users and discourage them from seeking help.
- Downplaying and normalizing the use. This can make adolescents feel consuming alcohol and drugs are ok.
- Introducing young people to alcohol use at home (“teaching the teenager to drink”).